Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Salt-inducible kinase 1 is a key gene in suppressing EVD68-induced asthma by modulating antiviral immunity

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101845

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metformin-mediated activation of SIK1 protects against EV-D68-driven asthma exacerbation in house dust mite (HDM)-sensitized mice. (A) C57BL/6 mice (6–8 weeks) were administered metformin at doses of 100 mg/kg or 250 mg/kg once daily via intraperitoneal injection on day 1 and day 2. On day 3, lung tissues were collected, and the protein level of SIK1 was determined by western blotting analysis. (B) Experimental timeline. C57BL/6 mice (6–8 weeks) were intranasally sensitized with 250 μg kg −1 HDM extract on day 0 and challenged daily with the same dose on days 7–11. On days 12–13, animals received EV-D68 (1 × 10 6 PFU/kg) or DMEM (vehicle) intranasally. Metformin (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered once daily on days 12–14. Airway hyper-responsiveness measurements and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collection were performed on day 15; lung tissue was used for quantitative PCR analyses. (C) Airway responsiveness to increasing doses of methacholine. (D) Differential cell counts of BALF by Wright-Giemsa staining. (E – H) The indicated genes were detected by quantitative PCR and normalized to GAPDH expression. Values were from three independent experiments and expressed as mean ± standard deviation. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗ p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: C57BL/6 mice (6–8 weeks old, Chongqing Medical University) were randomly divided into three experimental groups that received house-dust-mite (HDM) (Greer labs, USA) sensitization alone, HDM followed by EV-D68 challenge, or HDM plus EV-D68 challenge combined with metformin (MCE, USA) treatment.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Injection, Western Blot, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staining, Expressing, Standard Deviation

Journal: The Eurasian Journal of Medicine

Article Title: Dependency of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells on Glutamine and Glucose Levels in the Presence of Metformin

doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2026.251018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bioinformatic analysis of GSE146982 data set for A549 cells treated with or without metformin A) Differentially changed genes upon metformin treatment in A549 cells ( P adj < .05). B) Top 10 metabolites affected by the presence or absence of metformin in A549 cells.

Article Snippet: Groups are treated with high glucose (4.5 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine or low glucose (1 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine, and 10 mM metformin (Merck cat: 317240), unless otherwise stated.

Techniques:

Journal: The Eurasian Journal of Medicine

Article Title: Dependency of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells on Glutamine and Glucose Levels in the Presence of Metformin

doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2026.251018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in proliferation rate in low (1 g/L) and high (4.5 g/L) glucose conditions with or without glutamine upon 10 mM metformin treatment in A549 cells. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001. $ shows the comparison between no glutamine vs. 1% (2 mM) glutamine and 2% (4 mM) glutamine. # shows the comparison between no glutamine vs. only 2% glutamine.

Article Snippet: Groups are treated with high glucose (4.5 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine or low glucose (1 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine, and 10 mM metformin (Merck cat: 317240), unless otherwise stated.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: The Eurasian Journal of Medicine

Article Title: Dependency of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells on Glutamine and Glucose Levels in the Presence of Metformin

doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2026.251018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in proliferation rate in low (1 g/L) and high (4.5 g/L) glucose conditions with or without glutamine (2 mM or 4 mM) upon 10 mM metformin treatment in Calu1 cells. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001. (+) shows the comparison between no glutamine vs. only 1% glutamine; (#) shows the comparison between no glutamine vs. only 2% glutamine; ($) shows the comparison between no glutamine vs. both 1% glutamine and 2% glutamine within the same treatments. (&) shows 1% glutamine vs. 2% glutamine.

Article Snippet: Groups are treated with high glucose (4.5 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine or low glucose (1 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine, and 10 mM metformin (Merck cat: 317240), unless otherwise stated.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: The Eurasian Journal of Medicine

Article Title: Dependency of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells on Glutamine and Glucose Levels in the Presence of Metformin

doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2026.251018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in proliferation rate in low (1 g/L) and high (4.5 g/L) glucose conditions with or without glutamine (2 mM or 4 mM) upon 10 mM metformin treatment in H2009 cells. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001. (+) shows the comparison between no glutamine vs. only 1% glutamine; (#) shows the comparison between no glutamine vs. only 2% glutamine; ($) shows the comparison between no glutamine vs. both 1% glutamine and 2% glutamine within the same treatments.

Article Snippet: Groups are treated with high glucose (4.5 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine or low glucose (1 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine, and 10 mM metformin (Merck cat: 317240), unless otherwise stated.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: The Eurasian Journal of Medicine

Article Title: Dependency of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells on Glutamine and Glucose Levels in the Presence of Metformin

doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2026.251018

Figure Lengend Snippet: The expression pattern of the genes related to proliferation (CCND1, CDK4 and MKI67), apoptosis (BAX, BCL2 and BAK1), and glutamine metabolism (SLC1A5, SLC3A2 and GLUD1). Comparison is done Control vs. Metformin. * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001.

Article Snippet: Groups are treated with high glucose (4.5 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine or low glucose (1 g/L) with (1% [2 mM] or 2% [4 mM]) or without glutamine, and 10 mM metformin (Merck cat: 317240), unless otherwise stated.

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Multifunctional injectable hydrogel with Zn-metformin coordination for synergistic anti-infection, antioxidant, and osteogenic therapy in periodontitis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103148

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the fabrication and administration of PgC@ZM hydrogel for periodontitis treatment. (A) The preparation of PgC@ZM hydrogel consisted of Zn-Metformin coordination and protocatechuic acid-grafted carboxymethyl chitosan. (B) The mechanism of PgC@ZM injectable hydrogel in periodontitis treatment, through the antimicrobial activity from carboxymethyl chitosan and zinc ions, potent antioxidant capacity from protocatechuic acid, and osteogenic potential from metformin.

Article Snippet: The metformin hydrochloride (≥97%), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC, ≥98.5%), N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, ≥98%), and zinc chloride (≥98%) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Multifunctional injectable hydrogel with Zn-metformin coordination for synergistic anti-infection, antioxidant, and osteogenic therapy in periodontitis

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103148

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of ZM complex and PgC@ZM hydrogel. (A) FT-IR spectra of metformin and ZM. (B) 1 H NMR spectra of metformin and ZM. (C) FE-SEM image of ZM complex. (D) 1 HNMR spectrum of CMCS and PgC. (E) Photo of PgC@ZM hydrogel and the injectability of the PgC@ZM. (F) Photo of the adhesion properties of PgC@ZM hydrogel.The weight shown is 50 g. (G and H) SEM and EDS images of PgC@ZM hydrogel.

Article Snippet: The metformin hydrochloride (≥97%), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC, ≥98.5%), N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS, ≥98%), and zinc chloride (≥98%) were purchased from Aladdin Industrial Inc. (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: